Learning objectives

Students will mutate DNA and observe the effects on the resulting polypeptide chain. Students should be able to identify silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations.

Real world application

An organism's genetic material (DNA) is used to create proteins vital for life. Genetic diseases are caused by mutations in DNA that change these proteins. However, not all mutations cause disease. Depending on the location and type of mutation, mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Wild-type

Template strand (DNA)
  • T
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • A
  • C
  • C
  • T
  • G
  • C
  • C
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • C
  • T
  • A
  • T
  • C
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • G
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • U
  • G
  • G
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • G
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • G
  • U
  • U
  • U
  • G
  • C
  • G
  • A
  • U
  • A
  • G
  • A
  • U
mRNA
  • Met
  • His
  • Trp
  • Thr
  • Ala
  • Cys
  • Leu
  • Arg
  • stop
Polypeptide chain

Mutated

Template strand (DNA)
  • T
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • A
  • C
  • C
  • T
  • G
  • C
  • C
  • G
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • A
  • A
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • C
  • T
  • A
  • T
  • C
  • T
  • A
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • G
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • U
  • G
  • G
  • A
  • C
  • G
  • G
  • C
  • A
  • U
  • G
  • U
  • U
  • U
  • G
  • C
  • G
  • A
  • U
  • A
  • G
  • A
  • U
mRNA